煙草在線據(jù)愛(ài)爾蘭審查員報(bào)道編譯　　愛(ài)爾蘭女性被煙草公司所包圍，它們用“優(yōu)雅”和“女性的”包裝針對(duì)未來(lái)的年輕和老年吸煙者。

　　據(jù)愛(ài)爾蘭癌癥協(xié)會(huì)稱(chēng)，一半的貧困年輕女性是吸煙者，對(duì)她們的習(xí)慣感到羞恥，但是不能戒掉尼古丁。

　　三分之一的愛(ài)爾蘭婦女吸煙，該協(xié)會(huì)稱(chēng)之為“一種傳染病”。

　　據(jù)健康促進(jìn)專(zhuān)家稱(chēng)，煙草公司正試圖通過(guò)使用糖果色包裝、白色包裝、“女士專(zhuān)用”品牌、低焦油、新的超細(xì)產(chǎn)品吸引女性。

　　在諸如愛(ài)爾蘭等禁止吸煙廣告的國(guó)家內(nèi)，需要通過(guò)它們的包裝出售卷煙的情況更嚴(yán)重。在德國(guó)，有針對(duì)年輕女性的芒果和莫吉托（譯者注：一種雞尾酒）香味的卷煙。

　　在愛(ài)爾蘭的研究表明，弱勢(shì)女性的肺癌發(fā)病率為較富裕女性的兩倍——大量的肺癌源于吸煙。

　　去年，據(jù)披露，在愛(ài)爾蘭女性中，肺癌已經(jīng)取代乳腺癌成為主要致死的癌癥因素。

　　不過(guò)，相對(duì)貧窮的婦女的吸煙率，被視為使她們?cè)诮】岛蜕鐣?huì)方面處于劣勢(shì)的另一個(gè)因素。

　　衛(wèi)生部部長(zhǎng)助理亞歷克斯·懷特公布的該報(bào)告，強(qiáng)調(diào)了在由愛(ài)爾蘭癌癥協(xié)會(huì)和愛(ài)爾蘭國(guó)家婦女理事會(huì)組織的“婦女和吸煙大會(huì)”上的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

　　利物浦大學(xué)的裘德·羅賓遜博士在研討會(huì)上表示，研究表明“吸煙被視為采取的暫時(shí)休息方式，而且是對(duì)岌岌可危的壓力控制的一個(gè)重要的減壓產(chǎn)品”。

　　“女性更可能從事兼職或不穩(wěn)定的工作，更容易感到壓力，并且在工作方面權(quán)力更少，承擔(dān)大量與地位較低和低自尊相關(guān)的無(wú)薪工作，疲憊而且抑郁，”她說(shuō)。

　　據(jù)愛(ài)爾蘭癌癥協(xié)會(huì)的凱瑟琳·奧米拉稱(chēng)，許多家境不富裕的女性都意識(shí)到了這些健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但是把吸煙看做是“一種應(yīng)對(duì)生活緊張和壓力的一種方法”。

　　國(guó)家婦女委員會(huì)呼吁為戒煙計(jì)劃制訂國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，為煙草產(chǎn)品推出平裝，并發(fā)展社區(qū)戒煙服務(wù)，特別是針對(duì)女性的戒煙服務(wù)。

Ireland: Tobacco Firms 'Targeting' Women with Elegant, Feminine Packaging

　　Irish women are under siege from tobacco companies who are targeting 'elegant' and 'feminine' packaging at prospective young and old smokers.

　　Half of poor, young women are smokers, and are ashamed of their habit but are not able to quit nicotine, according to the Irish Cancer Society.

　　One in three Irish women smoke, which the society described as "an epidemic".

　　According to health promotion experts, tobacco companies are trying to reel in women by creating candy-coloured packaging, white packaging, 'women-only' brands, low-tar, and new, super-slim products.

　　This need to sell cigarettes via their packaging is more acute in countries where smoking advertising is banned, such as in Ireland. In Germany, there are mango and mojito-flavoured cigarettes aimed at young women.

　　Research in Ireland shows lung cancer rates among disadvantaged women are twice as high as that among better-off women - and the vast bulk of lung cancer stems from smoking.

　　Last year, it was revealed that lung cancer has overtaken breast cancer as the main cause of cancer death among women in Ireland.

　　However, the rates of smoking among poorer women is seen as another factor which puts them at a health and social disadvantage.

　　The report, launched by Alex White, the junior health minister, highlights findings from a conference on women and smoking, which was organised by the Irish Cancer Society and the National Women's Council of Ireland.

　　Dr Jude Robinson from the University of Liverpool told the seminar that research showed "smoking is seen as a means of coping and taking a time-out, and an important de-stresser where control could hang by a thread".

　　"Women are more likely to have part-time or insecure jobs and more likely to suffer from stress, and have less power at work and take on large amounts of unpaid work associated with low-status and low self-esteem, exhaustion, and depression," she said.

　　According to Kathleen O'Meara of the Irish Cancer Society, many less-well-off women are aware of the health risks but see smoking as "a way to cope with the stress and pressures of life".

　　The National Woman's Council is calling for national standards for smoking cessation programmes, the introduction of plain packaging for tobacco products, and the development of community-based quitting services for women, in particular. Enditem