煙草在線據(jù)nzherald網(wǎng)站報(bào)道編譯　　官方文件顯示，除了一次查沒(méi)非法卷煙的重大案件外，煙草行業(yè)預(yù)測(cè)提稅培育了黑市的預(yù)言似乎從未實(shí)現(xiàn)。

　　海關(guān)總署稱在過(guò)去的三年里“沒(méi)有截獲大量的非法卷煙”。盡管行業(yè)斷言，加緊煙草控制將使非法市場(chǎng)增長(zhǎng)。

　　自從毛利事務(wù)特別委員會(huì)在2010年開(kāi)展調(diào)查以來(lái)，該行業(yè)一直對(duì)如提稅和平裝等政策發(fā)出這些警告，在這段時(shí)間里，關(guān)于新西蘭的煙草非法市場(chǎng)，英美煙草發(fā)布了一份委托報(bào)告《走出陰影》。

　　《先驅(qū)報(bào)》根據(jù)《信息法》獲得的海關(guān)2010年的總結(jié)顯示，截獲的煙草量，包括非法種植的當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)熑~，被認(rèn)為有可能增加，因?yàn)閺漠?dāng)年開(kāi)始增稅，“……然而盡管消費(fèi)稅提高了，但是事實(shí)并非如此”。

　　但是海關(guān)的確截獲了4.8噸未加工的煙草，市場(chǎng)價(jià)值估計(jì)為1公斤500美元，以及260萬(wàn)美元的未付稅款。

　　隨著2010年在過(guò)去重要的種煙區(qū)摩圖伊卡查獲非法煙草后，在6月，兩名男子因非法生產(chǎn)煙草而被罰款。

　　海關(guān)稱，煙草和卷煙的非法貿(mào)易“通常被局限于截獲超過(guò)限額的一到兩條卷煙——到達(dá)新西蘭的旅客攜帶和通過(guò)郵件運(yùn)輸?shù)摹薄?/p>

　　有證據(jù)顯示個(gè)人組織的旅游團(tuán)或機(jī)組成員進(jìn)口免稅配額或更多的產(chǎn)品，然后向當(dāng)?shù)亓闶凵啼N售產(chǎn)品，但是這些貿(mào)易“被認(rèn)為是微不足道的”。

　　通過(guò)一個(gè)普通手機(jī)號(hào)碼關(guān)聯(lián)的不同地址“有組織地”進(jìn)口卷煙——但是這被認(rèn)為是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的，從商船船員那里截獲的超限額的卷煙也同樣無(wú)關(guān)緊要。

　　在一份有關(guān)最新增稅提案的報(bào)告中，財(cái)政部表示，大規(guī)模煙草走私和非法的當(dāng)?shù)刂圃於急容^低。

　　英美煙草公司發(fā)言人尼古拉斯·布斯說(shuō)，非法煙草貿(mào)易是一個(gè)“非常現(xiàn)實(shí)的問(wèn)題”，政府每年會(huì)損失了大約4000萬(wàn)美元的未付稅款。

　　他說(shuō)，平裝會(huì)導(dǎo)致非法煙草貿(mào)易增加。

　　但是吸煙與健康行動(dòng)組織稱，非法貿(mào)易量很小。其主管Ben Youdan表示，該行業(yè)的指控是“公關(guān)策略——這是最糟糕的危言聳聽(tīng)”。

　　評(píng)論：

　　對(duì)合法煙草產(chǎn)品的提稅到底能否導(dǎo)致非法煙草貿(mào)易的激增，這似乎很難找到確鑿的證據(jù)來(lái)證明兩者之間的關(guān)聯(lián)程度，但是煙草業(yè)一直堅(jiān)稱提稅將使非法市場(chǎng)增長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)樘岫悤?huì)使合法產(chǎn)品價(jià)格提高，從而促使部分煙民轉(zhuǎn)向較便宜的走私產(chǎn)品。其實(shí)，美國(guó)、加拿大、德國(guó)等國(guó)家的一些研究機(jī)構(gòu)都曾對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題做過(guò)研究，在提稅之后，市場(chǎng)上未納稅卷煙的比例都會(huì)有所提高，因此，許多國(guó)家對(duì)煙草提稅都持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。新西蘭的控?zé)熐闆r雖然令人欣慰，但是煙草業(yè)的警告也并非危言聳聽(tīng)，政策制定者不能一味的加緊控?zé)?#xff0c;而忽略了可能帶來(lái)的負(fù)作用。

New Zealand: Black Market Tobacco Claim Unfounded, Says Customs

　　The tobacco industry's predictions of a black market fostered by tax rises seem to have been unfulfilled, apart from one significant seizure, official papers indicate.

　　The Customs Service says "no significant seizures of cigarettes" were made in the past three years.

　　This is despite industry assertions that tightening the screws on tobacco control will foster an illicit market.

　　The industry has been issuing these warnings about policies such as tax increases and plain packaging since the Maori affairs select committee tobacco inquiry in 2010, at which time British American Tobacco released a report it had commissioned, "Out of the Shadows", on New Zealand's illicit tobacco market.

　　Customs says in a summary of 2010, obtained by the Herald under the Official Information Act, that an increase in tobacco seizures, including illicitly grown local leaf, was identified as a possibility because of the tax rises that began that year, "... however despite the increases in excise duty this has not been the case".

　　But Customs did seize 4.8 tonnes of unprocessed tobacco with an estimated market value of $500 a kilogram and an unpaid tax value of $2.6 million.

　　Two men were fined in June in relation to unlawfully manufacturing tobacco, following the 2010 seizure in Motueka, formerly an important growing area for the plant.

　　Customs says the illicit trade in tobacco and cigarettes "was generally confined to intercepts of one to two cartons - over concession - from passengers arriving into New Zealand and via the mail stream".

　　There was evidence of individuals organising tourist groups or aircrew to import their full duty-free quota or more, then selling the products to local retailers but the trade "is not considered significant".

　　There had been "organised" imports of cigarettes to various addresses linked through a common mobile number - but this was considered insignificant, as were over-quota amounts intercepted from crew members of commercial ships.

　　In a report on the latest tax-rise proposals, the Treasury said the risks of large-scale tobacco smuggling and illicit local manufacturing were comparatively low.

　　British American Tobacco spokesman Nicholas Booth said the illegal tobacco trade was a "very real issue" which cost the Government around $40 million a year in unpaid tax.

　　Plain packaging would cause the illegal tobacco trade to grow, he said.

　　But Action on Smoking and Health said the illicit trade was small. Its director, Ben Youdan, said the industry's claims were "PR spin - it's the worst kind of scaremongering". Enditem